1. Yintoni umoya? Yintoni umoya oqhelekileyo?
Impendulo: Imo ejikeleze umhlaba, siqhele ukuyibiza ngokuba ngumoya.
Umoya ophantsi koxinzelelo oluchaziweyo lwe-0.1MPa, ubushushu obuyi-20°C, kunye nokufuma okumalunga ne-36% ngumoya oqhelekileyo. Umoya oqhelekileyo wahlukile kumoya oqhelekileyo ngobushushu kwaye uqulethe ukufuma. Xa kukho umphunga wamanzi emoyeni, wakuba umphunga wamanzi wahlulwe, umthamo womoya uya kuncipha.
2. Ithini inkcazo yesimo esiqhelekileyo somoya?
Impendulo: Inkcazo yemeko esemgangathweni yile: imeko yomoya xa uxinzelelo lomoya luyi-0.1MPa kwaye ubushushu buyi-15.6°C (inkcazo yeshishini lasekhaya yi-0°C) ibizwa ngokuba yimeko esemgangathweni yomoya.
Kwimeko eqhelekileyo, uxinano lomoya yi-1.185kg/m3 (umthamo womphunga we-air compressor, i-dryer, i-filter kunye nezinye izixhobo emva kokucubungula uphawulwa lizinga lokuhamba komoya kwimeko eqhelekileyo, kwaye iyunithi ibhalwa njenge-Nm3/min).
3. Yintoni umoya ogcweleyo nomoya ongagcwaliyo?
Impendulo: Kwiqondo lobushushu elithile kunye noxinzelelo, umxholo womphunga wamanzi emoyeni ofumileyo (oko kukuthi, ubuninzi bomphunga wamanzi) unomda othile; xa ubungakanani bomphunga wamanzi obukwiqondo lobushushu elithile bufikelela kumxholo ophezulu onokwenzeka, umswakama ngeli xesha uMoya ubizwa ngokuba ngumoya ogcweleyo. Umoya omanzi ongenawo umxholo ophezulu onokwenzeka womphunga wamanzi ubizwa ngokuba ngumoya ongagcwaliyo.
4. Umoya ongagcwaliyo uba ngumoya ogcweleyo phantsi kwaziphi iimeko? Kuthetha ukuthini "ukufuma"?
Ngethuba umoya ongagcwaliyo uba ngumoya ogcweleyo, amathontsi amanzi angamanzi aya kuxinana emoyeni ofumileyo, okubizwa ngokuba yi-"condensation". Ukuxinana kuqhelekile. Umzekelo, ukufuma komoya ehlotyeni kuphezulu kakhulu, kwaye kulula ukwenza amathontsi amanzi kumphezulu wombhobho wamanzi. Ngentsasa yasebusika, amathontsi amanzi aya kuvela kwiifestile zeglasi zabahlali. La ngumoya ofumileyo opholileyo phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhubekayo ukuze ufikelele kwinqanaba lombethe. Isiphumo sokuxinana ngenxa yobushushu.
5. Yintoni uxinzelelo lomoya, uxinzelelo olupheleleyo kunye noxinzelelo lwegeyiji? Ziziphi iiyunithi eziqhelekileyo zoxinzelelo?
Impendulo: Uxinzelelo olubangelwa ngumaleko omkhulu kakhulu womoya ojikeleze umphezulu womhlaba kumphezulu womhlaba okanye izinto eziphezu komhlaba lubizwa ngokuba “luxinzelelo lomoya”, kwaye uphawu yi-Ρb; uxinzelelo olusebenza ngqo kumphezulu wesikhongozeli okanye into lubizwa ngokuba “luxinzelelo olupheleleyo”. Ixabiso loxinzelelo luqala kwi-vacuum epheleleyo, kwaye uphawu yi-Pa; uxinzelelo olulinganiswa ngee-pressure gauges, ii-vacuum gauges, iityhubhu ezimile njengo-U kunye nezinye izixhobo lubizwa ngokuba “luxinzelelo lokulinganisa”, kwaye “uxinzelelo lokulinganisa” luqala kuxinzelelo lomoya, kwaye uphawu yi-Ρg. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwezi zintathu bu
I-Pa=Pb+Pg
Uxinzelelo lubhekisa kumandla kwindawo nganye yeyunithi, kwaye iyunithi yoxinzelelo yi-N/square, echazwa njengePa, ebizwa ngokuba yiPascal. I-MPa (MPa) isetyenziswa kakhulu kubunjineli
1MPa=10 amandla esithandathu ePa
Uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lomoya olu-1 = 0.1013MPa
1kPa=1000Pa=0.01kgf/isikwere
1MPa=10 amandla esithandathu Pa=10.2kgf/isikwere
Kwinkqubo endala yeeyunithi, uxinzelelo ludla ngokubonakaliswa kwi-kgf/cm2 (amandla ekhilogram/isentimitha yesikwere).
6. Yintoni iqondo lobushushu? Zeziphi iiyunithi zeqondo lobushushu ezisetyenziswa rhoqo?
A: Ubushushu bungumndilili wezibalo wentshukumo yobushushu yeemolekyuli zento ethile.
Ubushushu obupheleleyo: Ubushushu buqala kubushushu obuphantsi obumiselweyo xa iimolekyuli zegesi ziyeka ukuhamba, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-T. Iyunithi yi-“Kelvin” kwaye uphawu lweyunithi yi-K.
Ubushushu beCelsius: Ubushushu obuqala kwinqanaba lokunyibilika komkhenkce, iyunithi yi "Celsius", kwaye uphawu lweyunithi yi ℃. Ukongeza, amazwe aseBritane naseMelika adla ngokusebenzisa "ubushushu beFahrenheit", kwaye uphawu lweyunithi yi F.
Ubudlelwane bokuguqulwa phakathi kweeyunithi ezintathu zobushushu bu
T (K) = t (°C) + 273.16
t(F)=32+1.8t(℃)
7. Ingakanani ingcinezelo engaphelelanga yomphunga wamanzi emoyeni ofumileyo?
Impendulo: Umoya ofumileyo ngumxube womphunga wamanzi nomoya owomileyo. Kwivolumu ethile yomoya ofumileyo, ubungakanani bomphunga wamanzi (ngobunzima) buhlala buncinci kakhulu kunobomoya owomileyo, kodwa buhlala kumthamo ofanayo nomoya owomileyo. , bukwanobushushu obufanayo. Uxinzelelo lomoya ofumileyo sisimbuku soxinzelelo olungaphelelanga lweegesi eziyinxalenye (oko kukuthi, umoya owomileyo nomphunga wamanzi). Uxinzelelo lomphunga wamanzi emoyeni ofumileyo lubizwa ngokuba luxinzelelo olungaphelelanga lomphunga wamanzi, oluchazwa njenge-Pso. Ixabiso layo libonisa ubungakanani bomphunga wamanzi emoyeni ofumileyo, okukhona umxholo womphunga wamanzi uphezulu, kokukhona uxinzelelo olungaphelelanga lomphunga wamanzi luphezulu. Uxinzelelo olungaphelelanga lomphunga wamanzi emoyeni ofumileyo lubizwa ngokuba luxinzelelo olungaphelelanga lomphunga wamanzi, oluchazwa njenge-Pab.
8. Ungakanani umswakama womoya? Ungakanani umswakama?
Impendulo: Ubungakanani obubonakalayo obubonisa ukoma kunye nokufuma komoya bubizwa ngokuba kukufuma. Iindlela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zokufuma zezi: ukufuma okupheleleyo kunye nokufuma okulinganiselweyo.
Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ubunzima bomphunga wamanzi obukwimoya ofumileyo kumthamo we-1 m3 bubizwa ngokuba yi-"absolute humidity" yomoya ofumileyo, kwaye iyunithi yi-g/m3. Umswakama opheleleyo ubonisa kuphela ukuba ungakanani umphunga wamanzi oqulethwe kumthamo weyunithi yomoya ofumileyo, kodwa awubonisi ukuba umoya ofumileyo uyakwazi ukufunxa umphunga wamanzi, oko kukuthi, inqanaba lomswakama womoya ofumileyo. Umswakama opheleleyo bubuninzi bomphunga wamanzi emoyeni ofumileyo.
Umlinganiselo wobungakanani bomphunga wamanzi obukwimoya efumileyo ukuya kubungakanani obuphezulu bomphunga wamanzi kubushushu obufanayo ubizwa ngokuba yi-“relative humidity”, edla ngokubonakaliswa yi-φ. Umswakama ohambelanayo φ uphakathi kwe-0 ne-100%. Okukhona ixabiso le-φ lincinci, kokukhona umoya woma kwaye amandla okufunxa amanzi aqina; okukhona ixabiso le-φ lilikhulu, kokukhona umoya ufumileyo kwaye amandla okufunxa amanzi abuthathaka. Amandla okufunxa umswakama womoya ofumileyo nawo anxulumene nobushushu bawo. Njengoko ubushushu bomoya ofumileyo bunyuka, uxinzelelo lokugcwala luyanda ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba umxholo womphunga wamanzi awutshintshi ngeli xesha, umswakama ohambelanayo φ womoya ofumileyo uya kuncipha, oko kukuthi, amandla okufunxa umswakama womoya ofumileyo ayanda. Ke ngoko, ngexesha lokufakwa kwegumbi le-air compressor, kufuneka kunikwe ingqalelo ekugcineni umoya ungena, ukunciphisa ubushushu, ukungabikho kokukhupha amanzi, kunye nokuqokelelwa kwamanzi kwigumbi ukunciphisa umswakama emoyeni.
9. Yintoni umxholo womswakama? Ungawubala njani umxholo womswakama?
Impendulo: Kumoya ofumileyo, ubunzima bomphunga wamanzi obukwi-1kg yomoya owomileyo bubizwa ngokuba “ngumxholo womswakama” womoya ofumileyo, osetyenziswa rhoqo. Ukubonisa ukuba umxholo womswakama ω uphantse ulingane nomphunga wamanzi uxinzelelo oluyinxenye Pso, kwaye ulingana ngokuphambeneyo noxinzelelo lomoya uphela p. ω ubonisa ngokuchanekileyo ubungakanani bomphunga wamanzi obukwimoya. Ukuba uxinzelelo lomoya luhlala luhleli, xa ubushushu bomoya ofumileyo buhlala buhleli, iPso nayo ayitshintshi. Ngeli xesha, umswakama ohambelanayo uyanda, umxholo womswakama uyanda, kwaye amandla okufunxa umswakama ayancipha.
10. Ubuninzi bomphunga wamanzi emoyeni ogcweleyo buxhomekeke entwenini?
Impendulo: Umxholo womphunga wamanzi (ubuninzi bomphunga wamanzi) emoyeni ulinganiselwe. Kuluhlu loxinzelelo lwe-aerodynamic (2MPa), kunokucingelwa ukuba ubuninzi bomphunga wamanzi emoyeni ogcweleyo buxhomekeke kuphela kubushushu kwaye abunanto yakwenza noxinzelelo lomoya. Okukhona ubushushu buphezulu, kokukhona ubuninzi bomphunga wamanzi ogcweleyo bukhula. Umzekelo, kwi-40°C, i-1 cubic meter yomoya inobunzima bomphunga wamanzi ogcweleyo obufanayo nokuba uxinzelelo lwayo yi-0.1MPa okanye i-1.0MPa.
11. Yintoni umoya ofumileyo?
Impendulo: Umoya oqulethe umphunga wamanzi othile ubizwa ngokuba ngumoya ofumileyo, kwaye umoya ongenawo umphunga wamanzi ubizwa ngokuba ngumoya owomileyo. Umoya osingqongileyo ngumoya ofumileyo. Kwindawo ethile ephakamileyo, ukwakheka kunye nomlinganiselo womoya owomileyo ngokusisiseko zizinzile, kwaye azinantsingiselo ikhethekileyo ekusebenzeni kobushushu bomoya ofumileyo wonke. Nangona umxholo womphunga wamanzi emoyeni ofumileyo ungemkhulu, utshintsho lomxholo lunempembelelo enkulu kwiimpawu zomzimba zomoya ofumileyo. Ubungakanani bomphunga wamanzi bumisela ubungakanani bokoma kunye nokufuma komoya. Into esebenzayo yecompressor yomoya ngumoya ofumileyo.
12. Yintoni ubushushu?
Impendulo: Ubushushu luhlobo lwamandla. Iiyunithi ezisetyenziswa rhoqo: KJ/(kg·℃), cal/(kg·℃), kcal/(kg·℃), njl. 1kcal=4.186kJ, 1kJ=0.24kcal.
Ngokwemithetho ye-thermodynamics, ubushushu bunokudluliselwa ngokuzenzekelayo ukusuka kwisiphelo sobushushu obuphezulu ukuya kwisiphelo sobushushu obuphantsi ngokusebenzisa i-convection, i-conduction, i-radiation kunye nezinye iindlela. Ukuba akukho kusetyenziswa kwamandla angaphandle, ubushushu abunakuze bujikwe.
13. Yintoni ubushushu obuqondakalayo? Yintoni ubushushu obufihlakeleyo?
Impendulo: Kwinkqubo yokufudumeza okanye yokupholisa, ubushushu obufunxwa okanye obukhutshwa yinto xa ubushushu bayo bunyuka okanye buhla ngaphandle kokutshintsha imeko yayo yokuqala bubizwa ngokuba bubushushu obuqondakalayo. Bungenza abantu babe notshintsho olucacileyo ekubandeni nasekufudumaleni, oluhlala lulinganiswa nge-thermometer. Umzekelo, ubushushu obufunxwa ngokuphakamisa amanzi ukusuka kwi-20°C ukuya kwi-80°C bubizwa ngokuba bubushushu obuqondakalayo.
Xa into ifunxa okanye ikhupha ubushushu, imeko yayo yesigaba iyatshintsha (njengokuba igesi iba lulwelo…), kodwa ubushushu abutshintshi. Obu bushushu bufunxayo okanye bukhutshiweyo bubizwa ngokuba bubushushu obufihlakeleyo. Ubushushu obufihlakeleyo abunakulinganiswa nge-thermometer, kwaye nomzimba womntu awunakubuva, kodwa bunokubalwa ngovavanyo.
Emva kokuba umoya ogcweleyo ukhuphe ubushushu, inxalenye yomphunga wamanzi iya kuba ngamanzi angamanzi, kwaye ubushushu bomoya ogcweleyo abunciphi ngeli xesha, kwaye le nxalenye yobushushu obukhutshiweyo bubushushu obufihlakeleyo.
14. Yintoni i-enthalpy yomoya?
Impendulo: I-enthalpy yomoya ibhekisa kubushushu obupheleleyo obukumoya, ngokuqhelekileyo busekelwe kubunzima bomoya owomileyo. I-enthalpy imelwe luphawu ι.
15. Yintoni i-dew point? Inxulumene nantoni?
Impendulo: Ingongoma yombethe bubushushu apho umoya ongagcwaliyo unciphisa ubushushu bawo ngelixa ugcina uxinzelelo oluyinxenye lomphunga wamanzi luhlala luhleli (oko kukuthi, ukugcina umxholo wamanzi uhleli uhleli) ukuze ufikelele ekugcwaleni. Xa ubushushu buhla buye kwinqanaba lombethe, amathontsi amanzi aqukuqelayo aya kugaleleka emoyeni ofumileyo. Ingongoma yombethe womoya ofumileyo ayinxulumananga kuphela nobushushu, kodwa ikwanxulumene nobungakanani bomswakama emoyeni ofumileyo. Ingongoma yombethe iphezulu ngomxholo wamanzi aphezulu, kwaye ingongoma yombethe iphantsi ngomxholo wamanzi ophantsi. Kwiqondo elithile lobushushu lomoya ofumileyo, ubushushu obuyinxenye yombethe buphezulu, koba bukhulu uxinzelelo oluyinxenye lomphunga wamanzi emoyeni ofumileyo, kwaye koba bukhulu umxholo womphunga wamanzi emoyeni ofumileyo. Ubushushu bengongoma yombethe busetyenziswa kakhulu kubunjineli becompressor. Umzekelo, xa ubushushu bokuphuma kwecompressor yomoya buphantsi kakhulu, umxube weoyile-gesi uya kuxinana ngenxa yobushushu obuphantsi kwibharele yeoyile-gesi, eya kwenza ioyile yokuthambisa ibe namanzi kwaye ichaphazele isiphumo sokuthambisa. Ke ngoko, ubushushu bokuphuma kwecompressor yomoya kufuneka benzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba abukho ngaphantsi kobushushu bomphunga phantsi koxinzelelo oluyinxenye olufanelekileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-17-2023
