1. Yintoni umoya?Yintoni umoya oqhelekileyo?
Impendulo: Umoya ojikeleze umhlaba, siqhele ukuwubiza ngokuba ngumoya.
Umoya ophantsi koxinzelelo oluchaziweyo lwe-0.1MPa, ubushushu be-20 ° C, kunye nokufuma okuhambelana ne-36% ngumoya oqhelekileyo.Umoya oqhelekileyo uyahluka kumoya oqhelekileyo kubushushu kwaye uqulethe ukufuma.Xa kukho umphunga wamanzi emoyeni, emva kokuba umphunga wamanzi uhlukaniswe, umthamo womoya uya kuncitshiswa.
2. Ithini inkcazo yesimo somgangatho womoya?
Impendulo: Inkcazo yesimo somgangatho yile: imo yomoya xa umoya wokufunxa umoya uyi-0.1MPa kwaye iqondo lobushushu liyi-15.6 ° C (inkcazo yoshishino lwasekhaya ngu-0 ° C) kuthiwa yimeko eqhelekileyo yomoya.
Kwimeko eqhelekileyo, ubuninzi bomoya yi-1.185kg/m3 (umthamo we-compressor exhaust, i-dryer, i-filter kunye nezinye izixhobo zasemva kokulungiswa ziphawulwe ngesantya sokuhamba kwimeko yomgangatho womoya, kwaye iyunithi ibhalwe njenge-Nm3 / min).
3. Yintoni umoya ozeleyo kunye nomoya ongahluthiyo?
Impendulo: Kwiqondo lokushisa elithile kunye noxinzelelo, umxholo womphunga wamanzi emoyeni omanzi (oko kukuthi, ubuninzi bomphunga wamanzi) unomda othile;xa isixa somphunga wamanzi oqulethwe kubushushu obuthile ufikelela kumxholo onokwenzeka, ukufuma ngeli xesha Umoya ubizwa ngokuba ngumoya ogcweleyo.Umoya ofumileyo ngaphandle kowona mxholo uphezulu womphunga wamanzi ubizwa ngokuba ngumoya ongaxutywanga.
4. Kuphantsi kwaziphi iimeko apho umoya ongahluthiyo uba ngumoya ozeleyo?Yintoni “ukujiya”?
Ngeli xesha xa umoya ongahlaliyo uba ngumoya ogcweleyo, amathontsi amanzi angamalwelo aya kuxinana kumoya ofumileyo, obizwa ngokuba “yi-condensation”.Ukujiya kuqhelekile.Ngokomzekelo, umswakama womoya ehlotyeni uphezulu kakhulu, kwaye kulula ukwenza amaconsi amanzi phezu kombhobho wamanzi.Ngentsasa yasebusika, amaconsi amanzi aya kubonakala kwiifestile zeglasi zabahlali.Lo ngumoya ofumileyo opholiswe phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhubekayo ukuze ufikelele kwindawo yombethe.Isiphumo sokujiya ngenxa yobushushu.
5. Yintoni i-atmospheric pressure, i-absolute pressure kunye ne-gauge pressure?Zeziphi iiyunithi eziqhelekileyo zoxinzelelo?
Impendulo: Uxinzelelo olwenziwa ngumaleko oshinyene kakhulu we-atmosfera ojikeleze umphezulu womhlaba kumphezulu womhlaba okanye kwizinto ezingaphezulu kuthiwa “nguxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric”, kwaye isimboli sithi Ρb;Uxinzelelo olusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kumphezulu wesikhongozeli okanye into ibizwa ngokuba "uxinzelelo olupheleleyo".Ixabiso loxinzelelo liqala kwi-vacuum epheleleyo, kwaye isimboli yiPa;Uxinzelelo olulinganiswa ngeegeyiji zoxinzelelo, i-vacuum gauges, iityhubhu ezibunjwa ngu-U kunye nezinye izixhobo zibizwa ngokuba "yi-gauge pressure", kwaye "i-gauge pressure" iqala kuxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric, kwaye isimboli ngu-Ρg.Ubudlelwane phakathi kobuthathu bu
Pa=Pb+Pg
Uxinzelelo lubhekiselele kumandla kwindawo nganye yeyunithi, kwaye iyunithi yoxinzelelo yi-N / isikwere, echazwe njengePa, ebizwa ngokuba yiPascal.I-MPa (MPa) isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kubunjineli
1MPa=10 amandla esithandathu Pa
I-1 umgangatho woxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric = 0.1013MPa
1kPa=1000Pa=0.01kgf/isikwere
1MPa=10 amandla esithandathu Pa=10.2kgf/square
Kwinkqubo endala yeeyunithi, uxinzelelo ludla ngokubonakaliswa kwi-kgf/cm2 (i-kilogram force/square centimeter).
6. Yintoni ubushushu?Zeziphi iiyunithi zobushushu ezisetyenziswa rhoqo?
A: Ubushushu ngumyinge weenkcukacha-manani wentshukumo ye-thermal yeemolekyuli zento.
Ubushushu obupheleleyo: Iqondo lobushushu eliqala kwelona qondo lisezantsi lobushushu xa iimolekyuli zegesi ziyeka ukushukuma, ezichazwa njenge T. Iyunithi ngu “Kelvin” kunye nesimboli yeyunithi yi-K.
Ubushushu beCelsius: Ubushushu obuqala kwindawo yokunyibilika komkhenkce, iyunithi yi “Celsius”, kunye nesimboli yeyunithi ngu ℃.Ukongeza, amazwe aseBrithani nawaseMelika ahlala esebenzisa "ubushushu beFahrenheit", kwaye isimboli yeyunithi nguF.
Ubudlelwane bokuguqulwa phakathi kweeyunithi ezintathu zobushushu bu
T (K) = t (°C) + 273.16
t(F)=32+1.8t(℃)
7. Yintoni inxenye yoxinzelelo lomphunga kumoya ofumayo?
Impendulo: Umoya ofumileyo ngumxube womphunga wamanzi kunye nomoya owomileyo.Kumthamo othile womoya ofumileyo, umyinge womoya wamanzi (ngobunzima) udla ngokuba ngaphantsi kakhulu kunomoya owomileyo, kodwa uthatha umthamo ofanayo nomoya owomileyo., nabo banobushushu obufanayo.Uxinzelelo lomoya ofumileyo sisimbuku soxinzelelo lwenxalenye yeegesi eziyinxalenye (oko kukuthi, umoya owomileyo kunye nomphunga wamanzi).Uxinzelelo lomphunga wamanzi kumoya ofumayo lubizwa ngokuba luxinzelelo oluyinxenye lomphunga wamanzi, oluchazwa njengePso.Ixabiso lalo libonisa ubungakanani bomphunga wamanzi kumoya ofumileyo, okukhona umphunga wamanzi uphezulu, kokukhona uphezulu umphunga wamanzi uxinzelelo oluyinxenye.Uxinzelelo oluyinxenye lomphunga wamanzi kumoya ogcweleyo lubizwa ngokuba luxinzelelo oluyinxenye olugcweleyo lomphunga wamanzi, oluchazwa njengePab.
8. Yintoni ukufuma komoya?Ukufuma okungakanani?
Impendulo: Ubungakanani bomzimba obubonakalisa ukoma nokufuma komoya bubizwa ngokuba kukufuma.Amabinzana asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo okufuma ngala: ukufuma ngokupheleleyo kunye nokufuma okuzalanayo.
Ngaphantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ubuninzi bomphunga wamanzi oqulethwe kumoya omanzi kumthamo we-1 m3 kuthiwa "umswakama opheleleyo" womoya omanzi, kwaye iyunithi yi-g / m3.Ukufuma ngokupheleleyo kubonisa kuphela ukuba ungakanani umphunga wamanzi oqulethwe kumthamo weyunithi yomoya ofumileyo, kodwa awubonisi amandla omoya ofumileyo ukufunxa umphunga wamanzi, oko kukuthi, iqondo lokufuma komoya ofumileyo.Ukufuma ngokupheleleyo kukuxinana komphunga wamanzi kumoya ofumileyo.
Umlinganiselo wobungakanani bokwenene bomphunga wamanzi oqulethwe kumoya omanzi ukuya kubuninzi obunokwenzeka bomphunga wamanzi kwiqondo lokushisa elifanayo libizwa ngokuba "ngumswakama ohambelanayo", odla ngokubonakaliswa ngu-φ.Ukufuma okunxulumeneyo φ kuphakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-100%.Incinci ixabiso le-φ, umoya womile kwaye unamandla amandla okufunxa amanzi;ubukhulu bexabiso φ, ukufuma komoya kunye nokuba buthathaka amandla okufunxa amanzi.Umthamo wokufunxa ukufuma komoya ofumileyo nawo unxulumene nobushushu bawo.Njengoko iqondo lokushisa lomoya omanzi likhuphuka, uxinzelelo lwe-saturation luyanda ngokufanelekileyo.Ukuba umxholo womphunga wamanzi uhlala ungatshintshi ngeli xesha, ukufuma okuhambelanayo φ komoya omanzi kuya kuncipha, oko kukuthi, amandla okufunxa ukufuma komoya omanzi Ukunyuka.Ngoko ke, ngexesha lokufakwa kwegumbi le-compressor yomoya, ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe ekugcineni umoya, ukunciphisa ubushushu, ukungabikho kwamanzi, kunye nokuqokelela kwamanzi kwigumbi lokunciphisa umswakama emoyeni.
9. Yintoni isiqulatho sokufuma?Indlela yokubala isiqulatho sokufuma?
Impendulo: Kumoya omanzi, ubunzima bomphunga wamanzi oqulethwe kwi-1kg yomoya owomileyo ubizwa ngokuba "ngumxholo wokufuma" womoya omanzi, osetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.Ukubonisa ukuba umxholo wokufuma ω uphantse ulingane nomphunga wamanzi inxalenye yoxinzelelo lwePso, kunye nomlinganiselo ochaseneyo noxinzelelo lomoya lulonke p.ω ibonisa ngokuthe ngqo ubungakanani bomphunga wamanzi oqulethwe emoyeni.Ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric luhlala luhleli, xa ubushushu bomoya omanzi buhlala buhlala, i-Pso nayo ihlala njalo.Ngeli xesha, ukufuma okuhambelanayo kuyanda, umthamo wokufuma uyanda, kwaye amandla okufunxa ukufuma ayancipha.
10. Buxhomekeke kwintoni ubuninzi bomphunga wamanzi emoyeni?
Impendulo: Umxholo womoya wamanzi (ubuninzi bomphunga wamanzi) emoyeni ulinganiselwe.Kuluhlu loxinzelelo lwe-aerodynamic (2MPa), kunokuqwalaselwa ukuba ubuninzi bomphunga wamanzi emoyeni ogcweleyo buxhomekeke kuphela kwiqondo lokushisa kwaye alunanto yakwenza noxinzelelo lomoya.Okukhona iqondo lobushushu liphezulu, kokukhona uxinano olukhulu lomphunga wamanzi ogcweleyo.Umzekelo, kwi-40 ° C, i-1 cubic meter yomoya inobuninzi bomphunga wamanzi ogcweleyo kungakhathaliseki ukuba uxinzelelo lwayo yi-0.1MPa okanye i-1.0MPa.
11. Yintoni umoya ofumileyo?
Impendulo: Umoya oqulethe umlinganiselo othile womphunga wamanzi ubizwa ngokuba ngumoya omanzi, kwaye umoya ongenawo umphunga wamanzi ubizwa ngokuba ngumoya owomileyo.Umoya osingqongileyo ngumoya omanzi.Kwindawo ephakamileyo, ukubunjwa kunye nomlinganiselo womoya owomileyo uzinzile ngokusisiseko, kwaye akukho kubaluleka okukhethekileyo ekusebenzeni kwe-thermal yomoya wonke omanzi.Nangona umxholo womphunga wamanzi emoyeni omanzi awukho mkhulu, ukuguqulwa komxholo kunempembelelo enkulu kwiipropati ezibonakalayo zomoya omanzi.Ubungakanani bomphunga wamanzi bumisela iqondo lokoma kunye nokufuma komoya.Into esebenzayo ye-compressor yomoya ngumoya omanzi.
12. Yintoni ubushushu?
Impendulo: Ubushushu luhlobo oluthile lwamandla.Iiyunithi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo: KJ/(kg·℃), cal/(kg·℃), kcal/(kg·℃), njl. 1kcal=4.186kJ, 1kJ=0.24kcal.
Ngokutsho kwemithetho ye-thermodynamics, ubushushu bunokutshintshwa ngokuzenzekelayo ukusuka ekupheleni kobushushu obuphezulu ukuya ekupheleni kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi ngokusebenzisa i-convection, conduction, radiation kunye nezinye iifom.Ukungabikho kokusetyenziswa kwamandla angaphandle, ubushushu abunakuze buguqulwe.
13. Yintoni ubushushu obunengqiqo?Yintoni ubushushu obufihlileyo?
Impendulo: Kwinkqubo yokufudumeza okanye ukupholisa, ubushushu obufunxayo okanye bukhutshwe yinto xa ubushushu bawo buphakama okanye buhla ngaphandle kokutshintsha imeko yesigaba sokuqala bubizwa ngokuba bubushushu obunengqiqo.Inokwenza abantu babe neenguqu ezicacileyo kwingqele nakubushushu, nto leyo edla ngokulinganiswa ngethemometha.Umzekelo, ubushushu obufunxwa ngokunyusa amanzi ukusuka kwi-20°C ukuya kuma-80°C bubizwa ngokuba bubushushu obunengqiqo.
Xa into ifunxa okanye ikhupha ubushushu, imeko yesigaba sayo iyatshintsha (efana nerhasi iba lulwelo…), kodwa iqondo lobushushu alitshintshi.Ubushushu obufunxayo okanye obukhutshiweyo bubizwa ngokuba bubushushu obufihlakeleyo.Ubushushu obufihliweyo abunakulinganiswa ngethemometha, nomzimba womntu awukwazi ukubuva, kodwa unokubalwa ngokulinga.
Emva kokuba umoya ohluthisiweyo ukhupha ubushushu, inxalenye yomphunga wamanzi iya kungena kumanzi angamanzi, kwaye iqondo lobushushu lomoya ohluthisiweyo alehli ngeli xesha, kwaye le nxalenye yobushushu obukhutshiweyo bubushushu obufihlakeleyo.
14. Yintoni i-enthalpy yomoya?
Impendulo: I-enthalpy yomoya ibhekisela kubushushu obupheleleyo obuqulethwe emoyeni, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiyunithi yobunzima bomoya owomileyo.I-Enthalpy imelwe luphawu ι.
15. Yintoni umbethe?Inxulumene nantoni?
Impendulo: Iqondo lombethe liqondo lobushushu apho umoya ongaxutywanga wehlisela ubushushu bawo ngelixa ugcina uxinzelelo oluyinxenye lomphunga wamanzi lungaguquguquki (oko kukuthi, ukugcina isiqulatho samanzi esipheleleyo singatshintshi) ukuze sifikelele kwisaturation.Xa iqondo lobushushu lihla liye kutsho kwindawo yombethe, amathontsi amanzi ajiyileyo aya kugalelwa kumoya ofumileyo.Umbethe womoya omanzi awuhambelani kuphela nobushushu, kodwa unxulumene nobuninzi bokufuma emoyeni omanzi.Indawo yombethe iphezulu kunye nesiqulatho samanzi esiphezulu, kwaye indawo yombethe iphantsi kunye nesiqulatho samanzi aphantsi.Kwiqondo elithile lobushushu bomoya obufumileyo, kokukhona ubushushu bombethe buphezulu, kokukhona uxinzelelo oluyinxenye lomphunga wamanzi kumoya ofumileyo, kwaye kokukhona usiba mkhulu umphunga wamanzi kumoya ofumileyo.Iqondo lobushushu lombethe linomsebenzi obalulekileyo kubunjineli becompressor.Ngokomzekelo, xa ukushisa kwe-outlet ye-compressor yomoya kuphantsi kakhulu, umxube we-oyile-gas uya kuxutywa ngenxa yobushushu obuphantsi kwi-oil-gas barrel, eya kwenza ukuba ioli yokuthambisa iqulethe amanzi kwaye ichaphazele umphumo wokugcoba.Ngoko ke, iqondo lokushisa lokuphuma kwe-compressor yomoya kufuneka liyilwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba alikho ngaphantsi kweqondo lokushisa lombethe phantsi koxinzelelo oluhambelanayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-17-2023
